diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index 0f0d0df..b4de996 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -39,6 +39,37 @@ COPY packages/ai/package.json ./packages/ai/
 RUN pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
 
+# NOTE: Stage order matters. `web-build` must be defined AFTER `collab-build`
+# and `mcp-build` because it `COPY --from=`s them to force BuildKit to
+# finish the light tsup builds before starting the heavy Next.js compile.
+# Coolify's builder requires stages referenced via `--from=` to be defined
+# above the referencing stage; forward references fail with "cannot copy
+# from stage X, it needs to be defined before current stage Y".
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# collab-build — tsup build for Hocuspocus server
+# ============================================================================
+FROM deps AS collab-build
+COPY apps/collab-server ./apps/collab-server
+COPY packages/database ./packages/database
+
+ENV NODE_ENV=production
+RUN pnpm exec turbo build --filter=@tasks/collab-server
+
+
+# ============================================================================
+# mcp-build — tsup build for MCP server
+# ============================================================================
+FROM deps AS mcp-build
+COPY apps/mcp-server ./apps/mcp-server
+COPY packages/database ./packages/database
+COPY packages/shared ./packages/shared
+
+ENV NODE_ENV=production
+RUN pnpm exec turbo build --filter=@tasks/mcp-server
+
+
 # ============================================================================
 # web-build — Next.js production build → standalone output
 # ============================================================================
@@ -69,29 +100,6 @@ ENV NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=5120
 RUN pnpm exec turbo build --filter=@tasks/web
 
 
-# ============================================================================
-# collab-build — tsup build for Hocuspocus server
-# ============================================================================
-FROM deps AS collab-build
-COPY apps/collab-server ./apps/collab-server
-COPY packages/database ./packages/database
-
-ENV NODE_ENV=production
-RUN pnpm exec turbo build --filter=@tasks/collab-server
-
-
-# ============================================================================
-# mcp-build — tsup build for MCP server
-# ============================================================================
-FROM deps AS mcp-build
-COPY apps/mcp-server ./apps/mcp-server
-COPY packages/database ./packages/database
-COPY packages/shared ./packages/shared
-
-ENV NODE_ENV=production
-RUN pnpm exec turbo build --filter=@tasks/mcp-server
-
-
 # ============================================================================
 # web — runtime image (Next.js standalone)
 # ============================================================================